One of the many features of a car that you rarely think about till it stops working is power steering. If you have ever had to fight with trying to turn the steering wheel because your car’s power steering system has quit, you know just how important it is. Power steering fluid is an electric motor part crucial for making steering smooth and responsive, but just how does it work? So, what will set it apart from all the other steering fluids out there? Let’s dig deep into the world of electric power steering fluid, breaking down everything from its purpose to its maintenance.
Introduction to Electric Power Steering (EPS)
EPS is one of the greatest revolutions in the automobile world. Unlike the conventional hydraulic steering systems that use a belt-driven pump to enable steering, EPS is based on an electric motor assisting in steering. This concept has made the vehicle lighter and less complex compared to the old-fashioned systems, and thus reduced weight makes the cars lighter and more fuel efficient.
How Does Electric Power Steering Work?
EPS does away with hydraulic fluids as well as hydraulic pumps. Instead, it uses sensors that feel through the steering input of the driver and an electric motor for helping in steering the wheels. The system is smart-it assists the driver only at the moment when needed. Therefore, it is energetic and wise in performance. What is the outcome of all this? That the car responds quicker and more accurately to your steering commands.
What Is Electric Power Steering Fluid?
You may be wondering at this point, if EPS is all-electric, then what is the fluid for? There are many traditional EPS systems that are only electric; however, there still remains some hybrid systems that require electric power steering fluid. The purpose of this fluid is to allow for an easier operation and longer life for the motor in the system. However, most new EPS systems do not require fluid.
Difference Between Hydraulic and Electric Power Steering
The key difference between hydraulic and electric power steering lies in how they operate:
- Hydraulic systems use a pump and fluid to provide steering assistance.
- Electric systems use sensors and an electric motor to deliver assistance.
With hydraulic systems, you always need to check fluid levels, but electric systems either use less fluid or none at all, making them much lower maintenance.
The Importance of Electric Power Steering Fluid
For units that still have electric power steering fluid, it serves a very essential purpose in maintaining the responsiveness and smooth flow of steering. It helps to lubricate and cool the electric motor so that it does not start overheating as well as reduce the wear and tear caused by overheating. Low fluid levels may result in stiff steering or even fail the entire system altogether, which is why maintenance of sufficient fluid levels has to be given priority.
How to Check Electric Power Steering Fluid Levels
Checking your power steering fluid is usually pretty straightforward:
- Locate the reservoir under the hood. It typically has a cap with a steering wheel symbol on it.
- Remove the cap and check the fluid level using the dipstick attached to the cap.
- Make sure the fluid is between the “MIN” and “MAX” marks. If it’s low, it’s time to top it up.
Signs You Need to Replace Your Power Steering Fluid
Just like engine oil, steering fluid degrades over time. Here are some signs that it might be time to replace it:
- Steering feels stiff: If the wheel is hard to turn, your fluid might be old or low.
- Noisy steering: Whining or squealing noises when you turn the wheel can indicate low fluid levels.
- Leaking fluid: If you notice a reddish fluid under your car, it could be power steering fluid.
Can You Use Regular Power Steering Fluid in an Electric System?
Although the temptation might be there to use standard power steering fluid in an electrical system, this should not be done. The types of fluids used in power steering systems vary with the system in use. For instance, if a wrong type of fluid is used, you risk causing damage to the system, which often results in tremendous repair costs. Always check what type of fluid your vehicle handbook recommends.
What Happens If Your Electric Power Steering Fluid Runs Low?
If the electric power steering fluid is getting low, you would probably find it harder to steer with a reasonable sensitivity. It may also lead to overheating electric motor and possibly system failure. In extreme cases, it could be locked up altogether, and thereby absolutely not safe to take the vehicle out on the road.
How to Refill Electric Power Steering Fluid
Refilling the fluid is simple:
- Purchase the recommended electric power steering fluid for your vehicle.
- Locate the reservoir and remove the cap.
- Slowly pour the fluid into the reservoir, taking care not to overfill.
- Replace the cap and check the level to ensure it’s correct.
How Long Does Electric Power Steering Fluid Last?
On average, power steering fluid should last between 50,000 to 100,000 miles, depending on your vehicle and driving conditions. Some newer vehicles with electric-only systems may never need fluid replacement, but it’s always good to follow the manufacturer’s recommendations.
Tips to Maintain Your Electric Power Steering System
- Regularly check fluid levels: Don’t wait until there’s a problem to check your power steering fluid.
- Inspect for leaks: Fluid leaks can cause significant damage if left unaddressed.
- Follow your vehicle’s maintenance schedule: Adhering to the schedule ensures your system stays in top shape.
How Electric Power Steering Systems Benefit Fuel Efficiency
Because EPS systems are lighter and don’t require power from the engine to drive a pump, they reduce the load on the engine. This leads to better fuel efficiency, especially in stop-and-go traffic where traditional hydraulic systems would consume more power.
The Future of Electric Power Steering Technology
As car manufacturers continue to improve EPS systems, we can expect more advancements in efficiency and performance. Autonomous driving technology also relies heavily on electric steering systems, meaning this tech will only become more sophisticated.
Conclusion: Why You Should Care About Your Power Steering Fluid
Your power steering system is the first point of reference from which your vehicle will be able to handle. Whether your automobile has a completely electric system or one which still uses electric power steering fluid, regular maintenance would prove imperative to smooth and responsive steering as well as long car life.
FAQs on Electric Power Steering Fluid
- Can I drive with low power steering fluid? It’s not recommended. Low fluid can make steering harder and less responsive, putting strain on your system.
- How often should I check my power steering fluid? It’s a good idea to check it during your routine oil changes or at least every 50,000 miles.
- Can I use any type of power steering fluid in an EPS system? No. Always use the manufacturer-recommended fluid for your specific vehicle.
- What are the consequences of using the wrong fluid? Using the wrong fluid can cause damage to the power steering system and lead to costly repairs.
- Can I fix a power steering fluid leak myself? Minor leaks might be fixable with sealants, but it’s always best to consult a mechanic for advice.
Also Read: CVT Transmission Fluid: Everything You Need to Know
